Perhaps I may be allowed a few words on this, the most fatal argument against evolution.
Imagine reptile X no feathers, no wings.
Imagine some mutation (systemic, enormous as per Goldschmidt) and lo and behold, we have the first bird, B -as I said, warmblooded, fully feathered, with wings instead of reptile forelimbs, one way lung circulation instead of bellows arrangement, etc etc.
One may well say, that is a creative act, just taken place, but we'll let that pass.
Diagrammatically:
X (reptile) ----Mutation --------> B (bird, with wings etc)
Now what does B do?
One of 2 things:
a. gets eaten by the parent reptile who thinks it's food
b. attempts to fly off into the distance
BUT IT DOES NOT KNOW HOW TO FLY!!!
As we all know, flight training is a complex affair. If we were to put an untrained person into the cockpit of a fighter aircraft, saying 'Get on with it', disaster is guaranteed.
In order to fly, that bird MUST HAVE THE INSTINCTS REQUIRED. Else disaster is guaranteed. Those instincts are complex, and built into every flying bird.
We know that because young fledglings are shoved out of their parents' nests - AND THEY FLY OR DIE.
So we now have 2 diagrams:
X ------- M-------> B (without flight instincts)---> death/extinction)
or
X----M-----I.I ---->B (with flight instincts) ---> gone to Hawaii.
I.I = instinct implantation.
There can be NO intermediate steps. The bird either knew how to fly, or it died. If we postulate a gliding intermediate, then that too requires training/instinct.
I'm sure you would think twice before leaping off the top of a high tree or cliff if you didn't KNOW how to hang-glide.
So the question before us is, who or what implanted that instinct, and how?
NEWS FLASH!
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“HOW DOES INSTINCT EVOLVE”
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First of all, there are of course intermediate steps between flying and dying. There are, for example, jumping and gliding: the one can be done without wings, and turned into the latter with partially formed wings. Gliding and powered flight, in turn, grade into one another: the ability to fly could be refined over generations of gliders.
ReplyDeleteThe ability to rotate the forelimb in the patterns of flight appears in theropod dinosaur fossils considerably older than Archaeopteryx, though it is not known whether these earlier theropods had scaly, downy, or feathery body coverings.
Second, feathers serve functions besides flight: insulation and display, for example. The earliest feathers, or rather quills and downy projections, may have made their reptilian bearers more attractive to potential mates.
Third, at least one specimen of Archaeopteryx was at first taken for a specimen of the theropod dinosaur Compsognathus before the faint feather impressions were noted. The earliest bird wings had the exact same skeletal structure as typical theropod forelimbs, simply cloaked in flight feathers. And there are dinosaur fossils showing feathers on the forelimbs that seem too small for flight, and may have served, as noted, for display.
X (reptile) ----Mutation --------> B (bird, with wings etc)
ReplyDeletebut this is not what happens in evolution. There is no such gigantic spontaneous change. There doesn't need to be. DO YOU UNDERSTAND THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION?
Evolution would predict something more like this:
X (reptile) ----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation -------->----Mutation --------> B (bird, with wings etc)
Two points.
ReplyDelete1 You have postulated (imagined) about 71 beneficial mutations in that sequence. How about this:
"Good ones [mutations] are so rare that we can consider them all bad"
That's HJ Muller the guy who got a Nobel for his experiments irradiating those poor Drosophilas. It's behind a paywall, so I can't access the article as yet but it's here, and you may have it at Harker: HJ Muller "How radiation changes the Genetic Constitution" Bulletin of Atomic Scientists 11 (1955) p331.
So where do all these beneficial mutations come from?
2 You've missed the main point: where did the instinct that powers flight come from?
It arrived at once, or they would all have been dead. Here's the picture:
Bird (perfectly formed wings, tailfeathers, oneway breathing system, the lot. No flight instincts).
Jumps off cliff/tree. Breaks neck. End.
The opposite holds true for a bird WITH instncts, of course.
So, where did the instincts come from?
They are immaterial things, and so are not subject to the usual mutations + natural selection tripe.
Asyncritus